The working principle of a plunger pump is to change the volume of the sealed working chamber through the reciprocating motion of the plunger in the cylinder body, thereby achieving the functions of oil suction and pressure. A plunger pump relies on a sealed working chamber formed between the plunger and the cylinder bore. The plunger undergoes reciprocating movements of extension and retraction in the cylinder bore, causing the volume of the chamber to periodically change. At the same time, the suction and discharge ports of the plunger pump are reliably separated, ensuring the normal operation of the pump. ‌

The structure of a plunger pump mainly includes two parts: the power end and the hydraulic end. The power end includes components such as crankshaft, connecting rod, crosshead, and machine base, mainly responsible for converting rotational motion into reciprocating motion. The hydraulic end includes components such as the pump head, sealing box, and plunger, which are responsible for the suction and discharge of liquids. Piston pumps are usually equipped with auxiliary components such as pulleys, check valves, safety valves, stabilizers, and lubrication systems.

The application scenarios of plunger pumps include hydraulic presses, engineering machinery, and ships, which typically require high pressure, high flow rate, and flow regulation functions. Piston pumps have the advantages of compact structure, high efficiency, and stable pressure, and are therefore widely used in these fields.